单元测试(Unit Test)在ABAP程序开发中已经非常重要，通常的ABAP Unit Test我们并不陌生。但是在代码重心下移至数据库层的模式下我们该如何对ABAP CDS Entities单元测试？本文简要介绍在ABAP中如何使用CDS Test Double Framework进行CDS Entities单元测试的。
Series
- Introduction to CDS on HANA and ABAP part 1
- Introduction to CDS on HANA and ABAP part 2 - Authorization Check
- Introduction to CDS on HANA and ABAP part 3 - Unit Test
CDS Test Double Framework
Unit tests using CDS Test Double Framework
CDS Entity
接着上一篇对创建的CDS Entity进行单元测试
@AbapCatalog.sqlViewName: 'ZMKT_DIGACC'
@AbapCatalog.compiler.compareFilter: true
@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #CHECK
@EndUserText.label: 'Marketing Digital Account'
define view Z_Mkt_Digacc as select from cuand_da_root
association [0..*] to cuand_ce_mp_root as _MarketingPermission
on cuand_da_root.comm_cat_key = _MarketingPermission.comm_cat_key {
key cuand_da_root.db_key as DigitalAccount,
cuand_da_root.comm_cat_key as CommCatKey,
cuand_da_root.mkt_area_id as MarketingArea,
_MarketingPermission.contact_key as ContactKey,
_MarketingPermission // Make association public
}
Create an ABAP Test class
创建一个ABAP Test Class z_mkt_digacc_test 来测试CDS View，Class名称最好使用<CDS_NAME>_Test这样的模式便于查找。
CLASS z_mkt_digacc_test DEFINITION
PUBLIC
FINAL
FOR TESTING
CREATE PUBLIC .
PUBLIC SECTION.
PROTECTED SECTION.
PRIVATE SECTION.
...
ENDCLASS.
CLASS z_mkt_digacc_test IMPLEMENTATION.
ENDCLASS.
Define Fixture Methods
Define the following setup and teardown methods.
METHOD class_setup.
environment = cl_avalon_cds_test_environment=>create( i_for_entity = 'Z_Mkt_Digacc' ).
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD class_teardown.
environment->destroy( ).
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD setup.
environment->clear_doubles( ).
ENDMETHOD.
Define a unit test method
METHOD check_mkt_digacc.
...
ENDMETHOD.
Prepare Inputs – Insert Test Data in doubles
METHOD check_mkt_digacc.
"Step 1 : Insert testdata into the doubles
"Step 1.1 : create an instance of type cuand_da_root. Note : CDS view Z_Mkt_Digacc depends on cuand_da_root.
table_digital_account = VALUE #( ( mandt = sy-mandt db_key = '1' comm_cat_key = '2' ) ).
"Step 1.2 : Use the framework method cl_avalon_cds_test_data=>create(..) to create the test_data object
test_data = cl_avalon_cds_test_data=>create( i_data = table_digital_account ).
"Step 1.3 : Use the framework method environment->get_stub(..) to create the instance of the double 'CUAND_DA_ROOT'
DATA(table_digital_account_stub) = environment->get_stub( i_name = 'CUAND_DA_ROOT' ).
"Step 1.4 : Insert the testdata into the double depended-on component object
table_digital_account_stub->insert( test_data ).
"Step 2 : Repeat Step 1 for all the depended-on component doubles
table_marketing_permission = VALUE #( ( mandt = sy-mandt contact_key = '3' comm_cat_key = '2' ) ( mandt = sy-mandt contact_key = '4' comm_cat_key = '2' ) ).
test_data = cl_avalon_cds_test_data=>create( i_data = table_marketing_permission ).
DATA(table_marketing_perm_stub) = environment->get_stub( i_name = 'CUAND_CE_MP_ROOT' ).
table_marketing_perm_stub->insert( test_data ).
ENDMETHOD.
Execute CDS
SELECT * FROM z_mkt_digacc INTO TABLE @act_results CONNECTION (environment->connection_name).
Verify output – Assert using ABAP Unit Test APIs
cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals( act = lines( act_results ) exp = 2 ).
完整代码
CLASS z_mkt_digacc_test DEFINITION
PUBLIC
FINAL
FOR TESTING
CREATE PUBLIC .
PUBLIC SECTION.
PROTECTED SECTION.
PRIVATE SECTION.
CLASS-DATA:
environment TYPE REF TO if_avalon_cds_test_environment.
CLASS-METHODS:
class_setup
RAISING
cx_static_check,
class_teardown.
DATA:
act_results TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF z_mkt_digacc WITH EMPTY KEY,
test_data TYPE REF TO if_avalon_cds_test_data,
table_digital_account TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF cuand_da_root,
table_marketing_permission TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF cuand_ce_mp_root.
METHODS:
setup RAISING cx_static_check,
check_mkt_digacc FOR TESTING RAISING cx_static_check.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS z_mkt_digacc_test IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD class_setup.
environment = cl_avalon_cds_test_environment=>create( i_for_entity = 'Z_Mkt_Digacc' ).
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD class_teardown.
environment->destroy( ).
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD setup.
environment->clear_doubles( ).
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD check_mkt_digacc.
"Step 1 : Insert testdata into the doubles
"Step 1.1 : create an instance of type cuand_da_root. Note : CDS view Z_Mkt_Digacc depends on cuand_da_root.
table_digital_account = VALUE #( ( mandt = sy-mandt db_key = '1' comm_cat_key = '2' ) ).
"Step 1.2 : Use the framework method cl_avalon_cds_test_data=>create(..) to create the test_data object
test_data = cl_avalon_cds_test_data=>create( i_data = table_digital_account ).
"Step 1.3 : Use the framework method environment->get_stub(..) to create the instance of the double 'CUAND_DA_ROOT'
DATA(table_digital_account_stub) = environment->get_stub( i_name = 'CUAND_DA_ROOT' ).
"Step 1.4 : Insert the testdata into the double depended-on component object
table_digital_account_stub->insert( test_data ).
"Step 2 : Repeat Step 1 for all the depended-on component doubles
table_marketing_permission = VALUE #( ( mandt = sy-mandt contact_key = '3' comm_cat_key = '2' ) ( mandt = sy-mandt contact_key = '4' comm_cat_key = '2' ) ).
test_data = cl_avalon_cds_test_data=>create( i_data = table_marketing_permission ).
DATA(table_marketing_perm_stub) = environment->get_stub( i_name = 'CUAND_CE_MP_ROOT' ).
table_marketing_perm_stub->insert( test_data ).
"Test
SELECT * FROM z_mkt_digacc INTO TABLE @act_results CONNECTION (environment->connection_name).
"Verify
cl_abap_unit_assert=>assert_equals( act = lines( act_results ) exp = 2 ).
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
Running Unit tests for CDS
在ADT工具里选中要测试的 Class Method 右键Run As -> ABAP Unit Test
Supported Test scenarios
CDS Test Double framework supports 支持以下 depended-on components (DOCs) for a given CDS View under test (CUT) 的 test doubles 的创建:
- DDIC tables
- DDIC views
- CDS views
- CDS views with Parameters
- External Views
- Table Functions
- CDS special functions. CURRENCY_CONVERSION and UNIT_CONVERSION
Conclusions
跟着本篇动手写一遍CDS View的Unit Test Class之后，你现在应该能够使用CDS Test Double Framework方便得自动化测试你的ABAP CDS Entities code-pushdown逻辑了。
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